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Depending on how and where the observation takes place and for what purpose, there are different kinds of observational methods. The observer may study the outward activities of other persons in a systematic manner (objective observation), or may observe himself by looking within to analyze his thought processes (subjective observation).
The observer may be a part of the situation to be observed (participant observation), or may observe from a distance without being a part of the event (non-participant observation). The observation may take place in the artificial setting of a laboratory (laboratory observation), or in the natural field settings (naturalistic observation). Yet the observational methods have their own advantages. Recently, many psychological instruments are used to record the inner experiences. Both the methods have considerable utility in psychology. The subjective observation, called introspection, asks a person to look within, and report his mental experiences.
Psychologists use objective observation to study the overt activities of the organism. Objective observation is concerned with the events of the external world. When some objects or events are observed in a scientific manner, those objects or events are examined systematically. Scientific observation cannot be regarded as just a simple perception of a layman. Observation forms the basis of any scientific enquiry. Someone reading this note may have different ideas about what happened because words such as 'hard time,' 'doesn't like,' 'ignores,' and 'gets upset' are open to interpretation. The literal meaning of observation is clear perception of some objects or events. Both observation notes describe how Umar separates from his mother, but the first note contains the teacher's assumptions about and interpretations of Umar's behavior. Observing occurrence of events in the natural settings is called naturalistic observation. Observation can be made either in the laboratory by creating an artificial situation, or can be made in natural settings, where the events take place. Psychology studies both overt and covert activities using objective and subjective observations, respectively. Such type of observation is called subjective observation, which is otherwise known as introspection. Only the person himself can be aware of these experiences and can observe himself. But when a person feels pain, hunger, or fatigue, it is not possible for others to observe these experiences. The objective observer will seek to record simply what they see without offering any.
Objective observations are descriptions of what is observed stating the facts and details with as little interpretation as possible. It is possible for a common man to observe the external or overt activities, and this type of observation is objective observation. What is objective observation in early childhood When observing children it is important to write an objective observation. In objective observation, a single observer or a number of observers can observe, whose findings can be crosschecked, and verified. Observation can be objective or subjective. Like all other sciences, psychology also uses this method to study its subject matter. If we don’t see it, we don’t report it.Every science is based on observation of facts, and hence, observational methods are most common to every science. Objective information is based on the facts we gather. Subjective observations are often influenced by our past events, personal experiences and opinions, and can be biased based on our cultural backgrounds Objective observations are based on what we observed using our senses, we record exactly what we see, hear, taste, touch, and smell
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